Bharatanatyam Dance.

Bharatanatyam Dance:- Origin, History, Techniques, Music, Costumes.

            There are different things about the origin of Bharatanatyam but according to an accepted point, this dance form is based on the Natyashastra of Bharatrishi, hence it is called Bharatanatyam,

Whereas in other words,
Bh - Bhava
Ra - Raga and
Instructs Ta-Taal.

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This dance form is practiced in Tamil Nadu. In the olden days, this dance form was also called Dasi Attam.

There were three types of Dasi.

No.	Types of Dasi
1.	Alankar Dasi
2.	Dev Dasi
3.	Raj Dasi

(1) Alankar Dasi :- Alankar Dasi used to dance on social occasions, weddings, son births.

(2) Dev Dasi :- In the old days, Devadasi used to dance in the temple to show devotion to God and to perform her devotion towards God at the time of performing Aarti in the morning.

(3) Raj Dasi :- Rajdasi used to dance in front of the guests in the meeting or in the royal court.

              The dance is also depicted in the idols of some temples in South India. Examples are the Nataraja Temple at Chidambaram and the Sarang-Mata Temple at Kumbhakonam.

The present type of Bharatanatyam is made famous by these four brothers, Chinaya, Ponnaya, Sivananda, and Vadivelu. Bharatanatyam developed a lot during the ninth to thirteenth centuries. The kings of the Chola dynasty were very religious and believed that devotion to God could be attained through music and dance. He built many temples depicting this dance form. But the program also introduced more evil elements in dance, Devdasis started living as concubines of kings and rich people and thus dance was considered to be low in society.

But then due to the efforts of many educated and learned people, Bharatanatyam again got a place of pride. In which E-Krishna Iyer, Shreemati Rukmani Devi Arundel, and Bala Saraswati are the main ones and as such, re-attracted the class interested in art to dance.

The program of Bharatanatyam is called 'Margam'. Margam consists of the following works.

Alaripu, Jatiswaram, Shabdam, Varnam, Padam, Thillana, Shlokam and finally Mangalam is followed by Poornahuti.

              Bharatanatyam dance trainees undergo at least 7 to 8 years of systematic, disciplined training. Apart from dance, one has to acquire knowledge of Carnatic music, Tamil language, and Natungam, etc.

And after so many years of hard training, the dancer has to perform 'Arangetram'. Aranghetram means climbing the theater and after this success, the dancer can perform another program.

Bharatanatyam dance style is prevalent in the following families. Many artists have transformed this dance form through research work and it is now popular. Language of songs in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, etc. in Tanjore Gharana, Padanallur Gharana, Mysore Gharana, Melattur, Chidambaram Gharana, Kanchipuram Gharana, Bharatanatyam, and now Gujarati, Bengali, Marathi, and Hindi are also being used.

Bharatanatyam is commonly used in Karnataki music practice and veena, mridangam, Nagar-Varma, and flute are used in instruments.

In Bharatanatyam dance, Kanjeevaram sarees with heavy brocade edges are used in dresses. In Bharatanatyam, the sari is worn in three ways.

(1.) The sari is beautifully ironed and pajamas are worn with five fingers below the knee.

(2.) The sari is sewn like Pitambar and worn with artistic placement with a brocade border with two or three fans.

(3.) When a Southern sari is worn, Rukmanidevi first stitched her and entered the stitched dress.

The jewelry used in Bharatanatyam dance is different and has a special name.

1. Rakkudi - At the beginning of the head Jewelry, three small locks of hair are made and worn on the upper part and decorated with flowers and garlands around Rakudi.

2. Kunjalam - inflates at the end of the wound. It is called Kunjalamu. Worn instead of a garland of flowers on the head.

3. Nagottu - The head of the forehead is worn at the site of the ser.

4. Mangamale - A walk or three walks of Damani are worn on the middle Sethi in the head. Which is called Manmangal.

5. Suryachandr Pide - Sethi wears two fingers under the sun on the right and the moon on the left.

6. Jhumki Matl - She wears earrings hanging in her ears, this is called jhumki. Wear a walk with these earrings. Which is lost with head hair above the ear. It is known as Ser Mattel.

7. Mukakkuti - Bulak - Gulab : worn on either side of the nose. If it contains a nugget or pinch, it is called a rose and if it is in a round ring, it is called Mukti. The nostril worn between the nostrils is called bullak. In earlier times, the nose had to be pierced. But now this jewelry can be worn without piercing your nose.

8. Chandrahar - The long hanging garland worn around the neck is known as Chandrahar.

9. Venky - The thing which is worn as bajubandh is known as armlet.

10. Oriyaan - The belt tied at the waist is known as Oriyaanam.

11. Ghungharu - Ghughru is worn on the feet.

12. Modiram - Wearing a ring on the finger is called Modiram.

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